Melanie Klein on Object Relations and Child Therapy
Famous Scientist Datebook: March 30
Melanie Klein, Psychoanalyst
British Psychoanalyst Melanie Klein on Object Relations and Child Therapy
Melanie Klein is famous for object relations theory and child therapy. She pioneered child therapy, therapeutic techniques that had an impact on child psychology and contemporary analysis. She was also a leading innovator in theorizing object relations theory. Her ideas and methods are expressed in her books, among them The Psychoanalysis of Children (1932).
Melanie Klein Career Profile in a Nutshell
Melanie Reizes Klein (30 March 1882 – 22 September 1960) was an Austrian-born British psychoanalyst. She studied medicine at first, but when she was in Budapest she was analyzed by a follower of Sigmund Freud, Sandor Ferenczi. She trained with him in his children’s clinic. Klein also studied under Karl Abraham in Berlin, then moved to London in 1926.
Melanie Klein on Object Relations and Child Therapy
Along with her theories on Object relations, Klein also pioneered the widely used techniques of play therapy, more commonly called as Klein’s “child therapy” and the first to apply psychoanalysis to small children. Her belief that neuroses are fixed in the earliest months of life was not without controversy and dissent among her colleagues.
Related Article:
Resources:
www.melanie-klein-trust.org.uk/ (and photo credit)
www.webster.edu/~woolflm/klein.html
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John Philip Holland – Father of Modern Submarine
John Philip Holland, Irish Engineer.
Designed/developed the first underwater vessel, the submarine.
Irish Engineer John Philip Holland.
John Philip Holland (29 February 1840 – 12 August 1914), was an Irish engineer who designed and built the first submarine formally commissioned by the U.S. Navy, and the first Royal Navy submarine, the Holland 1.
He was a school teacher in Ireland, his country of birth but in 1873, emigrated in New Jersey, USA. In 1875, he offered a submarine design to the US navy but it was rejected as not practicable, despite this rejection, he continued his experiments. Significantly, it was in 1898 that when he launched his Holland VI that he successfully demonstrated his invention under the Potomac River. It had almost all the features of a modern non-nuclear submarine when submerged. Finally, it convinced the navies not only of the US but of the world that the submarine must be taken seriously as a powerful weapon.
John Philip Holland is hailed as the “father of modern submarine.”
Sources:
- McGovern, Una, Ed. Chambers Biographical Dictionary. Chambers: Edinburgh, 2002.
- www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/269340/John-Philip-Holland. Retrieved 29 Feb 2012.
Image Source:
John Philip Holland, Wikimedia Commons.
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Vaccination of Children Against Polio
Today’s Milestone – February 23.
The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins this day, February 23, 1954, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Wisdom Magazine, by Yousuf Karsh, 1956
Image source: Wikipedia.org
Until the 1950s was anxious times for parents because at that time children became infested with a crippling disease referred to as poliomyelitis, or polio as commonly called. This anxiety was cast out when Dr. Jonas Salk (1914-1995), American virologist and medical researcher, developed a vaccine against this disease. He never patented his polio vaccine, but distributed the formula freely for the world to benefit from his discovery.
Dr. Salk saved millions of people from death, or alive but wheel-chair drawn.
Today, the Jonas Salk Institute for Biological Studies in California (La Jolla), continues his scientific work that include researches into diseases including cancer and HIV/AIDS.
Source:
Dateline. New South Wales: Millennium House, 2006.
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Scientist Marie Curie – Life and Achievements Legacy
Marie Curie, Polish-French Chemist and Physicist
(1867-1934)
Marie Skłodowska Curie
M. Curie Medallion, Uni. of Buffalo
Soviet Postage Stamp
Marie Curie, Polish-French Chemist and Physicist, famous for her pioneering work on Radioactivity.
Marie Skłodowska Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), was born in Warsaw, Poland. She was a chemist and physicist famous for her pioneering work on radioactivity. She was married to a fellow scientist, Pierre Curie, and mother of Irène Joliot-Curie and Ève Curie. Irene followed in her parents’ footsteps also becoming a Nobel laureate in Chemistry (1935) with her husband Frédéric Joliot-Curie. Eve (Ève Denise Curie Labouisse) was a writer, journalist and pianist. Ève was the only member of her family who did not choose a career as a scientist, however, her husband Henry Richardson Labouisse, Jr., American diplomat and statesman, collected the Nobel Peace Prize in 1965 on behalf of UNICEF.
Madame Curie was the first person honoured with two Nobel Prizes – in physics and chemistry. She was also the first female professor at the University of Paris and the first woman to be entombed on her own merits (in 1995) in the Paris Pantheon.
Marie Curie, Nobel Laureate in Physics (1903) and Chemistry (1911)
1. Nobel Prize in Physics (1903)
In 1903, Marie Curie shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel: “in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.”
Marie Curie succeeded her husband as professor of physics at the Sorbonne in 1906, after Pierre’s death. She was the first woman ever to teach there.
2. Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911)
In 1911, she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry: “in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element.”
Madame Curie spent a lot of time traveling and giving lectures.
A Memory of Remembrance – Madame Marie Curie
She died in Sallanches, France on July 4, 1934. Eve her younger daughter wrote a notable biography of her mother, entitled Madame Curie. Her achievements remain an inspiration and legacy to those of us left behind.
A biographical film made by MGM entitled Madame Curie was produced in 1943 on the life of Marie Curie, adapted from the biography by her daughter, Eve Curie. Interested readers may want to check out my related articles: Marie Curie Biography and Radioactivity at a Glance
This post is especially written to celebrate and honour her birthday today, November 7.
Resources:
- “Marie Curie – Biography”. Nobelprize.org. 6 Nov 2011 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html
- Barbara Goldsmith, Obsessive Genius: The Inner World of Marie Curie, New York, W.W. Norton, 2005.
- Eve Curie, Madame Curie: A Biography, translated by Vincent Sheean, Da Capo Press, 2001.
- Naomi Pasachoff, Marie Curie and the Science of Radioactivity, New York, OUP, 1996.
- Internet Movie Database featuring Marie Curie (IMDB)
Image Source:
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